Indeed, I appreciate that.

The only outstanding point I would have, and I think I touched on it when we were talking about education, is not just from teaching but from preparing for appearing before you is the complexity of the law that to those of us who teach and research it on a ...

I think the issue is the impact of the Internet on other business models for the media, that where other formats have been unsupported and where advertising is moving from, say, the classified section of a newspaper to online, but without the associated potential investment in journalism, I think that ...

I think market censorship is going to be present in any commercial space. It's unavoidable. It is a situation where you will have web posts and they act in a very different fashion. Some will pay very strong attention to what their users say, some will pay very strong ...

Well, by conduit I would refer to an internet service provider, BT, Virgin, and so on. A host, examples would be Facebook, YouTube, et cetera. Search engines would be a particular type of host. But they all have different parts to play.

What I would say around a host is ...

Well, it's important to break down the Internet service providers as, for example, under electronic commerce law where you distinguish between what's called a mere conduit, someone who provides a connection, and a host, someone who provides the opportunity to display the material. That's an important distinction ...

I agree that positive responsibilities and positive regulation is very important. In the case of broadcasting, it's been a very significant part of the regulatory mix, but it's not just about saying what you can't do, but what you can do. Or encouraging you to what you ...

I think the Inquiry will be going on good lines here. The European Court of Justice has had call to deal with this on a number of occasions, even around something very topical for this investigation, the status of the data protection directive, which talks about journalistic purposes, and it ...

I'm looking forward to it. My students will be reading it too, so those who are watching are now put on notice.

A clear point has been made. I have not read Professor Petley's contribution on this but I've seen the arguments he's made in the past.

I think it would be important to -- if there were to be a move towards investigatory powers, we would want to look at the status and accountability of the PCC itself. One of the difficulties with self-regulation, and the academic literature is quite strong on this point, is that a ...

There's only been one that I know of so far. The Irish Press Council -- the Press Council of Ireland has national newspapers, lots of regional newspapers and magazines, I think just one sports news website so far. Of course, the UK publications that publish in Ireland have joined that ...

I'd suggest there are a couple of -- the codes between them are very, very similar. I think there are some design features I'd like to mention and then if I can, I'd say something as well about the difference between press and non-press.

There are a couple ...

I know it's already been mentioned today as well as in other parts of the Inquiry, but I think it's important to look at the model adopted for the new Press Council in Ireland.

As a newer lecturer, I have much less experience, but that seems to be a sensible summary of what I've heard.

I would need to provide that information at a later stage after consulting others.

I think there is an important aspect of that in that the issues may not change but the number of people who are presented with them does increase, and this is a point I've argued academically regarding -- you have an existing law, for example, regarding conflicts between jurisdictions and ...

I think that makes --

No, but I think the point I'm making on that is where there are privileges associated with the press and where there is demand, and there can be demand for this from citizen journalists, from individuals and so on, to be entitled to privileges of the press, then you ...

No, of course not. But I think there can be advantages to falling within a regulatory system as well and there can be ways in which the online media can be encouraged to meet standards, to take advantage of the certain, albeit limited privileges that are accessible to -- I just ...

Of course it makes sense, and it's something to be very aware of. I'm less comfortable with the idea that it should then dissuade you from taking action. There are plenty of areas where the law as understood in this room is not complete or is not 100 ...

We've seen I think a good discussion around this in the area of broadcasting about looking at, say, a television service that's streamed on the Internet or an on-demand service. A very long debate at European level to try and set out principles, the result being really a ...

It is --

I think certainly somebody who is going to be working in an online environment, they do face different challenges. The impact of what is published may also vary. There are also great opportunities. For example, material published online provides the opportunity to provide direct links to source material. You can ...

A conscience clause would certainly be something I would personally welcome. However, I would have doubts about its effectiveness in the absence of other processes at, for example, a management level as to whether it is honoured. I think relying on the employment relationship alone to enforce that clause would ...

I would just add something that Professor Petley said, which is the importance of introducing students to context. We require students on all of the postgraduate programmes that are related to media, whichever discipline that's in, to take a common module called "Media and society", which is co-taught by ...

Noted.

What's happening there of course is that whether the audience be journalism students or law students, they are speculating as to, particularly in the context of new media, where the law should go and is there a gap between the ethical standards or the ethical approach on what the ...

I think the difficulty with trying to communicate a certain amount of law in a short time, you have to take that into account. I know it was mentioned at a number of the seminars, the growth in the length of essential law for journalists, which, whether that's a ...

In the most part, as I alluded to earlier, the issue is not whether the NCTJ approach is good or bad, it's whether it's appropriate for a particular course, so one that would take say a wider cultural studies approach would not really seek NCTJ accreditation. The university ...

Our students at the University of East Anglia tend to be on wider media studies rather than targeted programmes in journalism. We have recently started teaching an MA in broadcast journalism, but the media courses across all the schools have continued to be popular. We've also found within the ...

I attended the seminar. I don't believe I was able to intervene on the day so there is no such contribution.

Yes, they are.

Yes, in 2008.

Yes, it was.

Yes.

Yes.

Yes, I am.

They do.

Yes, I am.